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Cornerstones of European Integration
January 1, 1948
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foundation of the Benelux customs-union |
May 5, 1949
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foundation of the council of Europe |
May 5, 1950
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Schumann declaration (Monnet’s plan for ECSC) |
October 24, 1950
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Pleven declaration (Monnet’s plan for EDC) |
April 18, 1951
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Paris Treaty establishing the ECSC; Members: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxemburg, the Netherlands |
August, 1954
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French Assemblee Nationale rejects the EDC-Treaty |
June 3, 1955
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Messina-Declaration |
March 25, 1957
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signing of the treaties of Rome, creation of the EEC and of EURATOM |
July-August 1961
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applications for membership by Ireland, Denmark and Britain, Norway applies in 1962 |
January 14, 1962
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President de Gaulle vetoes membership of Britain |
July 1965 – January 1966
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policy of the « empty chair » by President de Gaulle |
May – September 1967
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renewed application for membership by Britain, Ireland, Denmark, Norway and Sweden, again vetoed by de Gaulle |
July 1969
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de Gaulle resigns, the council reconsiders the applications |
October 7, 1970
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adoption of the Werner-report on economic and monetary union |
January 1, 1973
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Britain, Ireland and Denmark join the EEC |
August 1, 1975
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35 states including the USA, the Soviet Union sign the Helsinki Final Act, establishing the CSCE (from 1990 onwards: OSCE) |
June 7-10, 1979
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first direct elections for the European Parliament |
January 1, 1981
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Greece joins the EEC |
January 1, 1986
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Spain and Portugal join the EEC |
February 17, 1986
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signing of the Common European Act, taking effect on July 1, 1987 |
April 14, 1987
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Turkey applies for membership of the EC |
July 1988
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creation of the Phare-Programme for Poland and Hungary |
November 9, 1989
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fall of the Berlin Wall |
December 9, 1989
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the European Council adopts the Delors-plan on Monetary Union and the Social Charter |
July 1, 1990
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first phase of EMU (free flow of capital) |
October 3, 1990
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German reunification |
December 15, 1990
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European Council creates the TACIS Programme |
December 10, 1991
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signing of the Treaty of Maastricht, taking effect on November 1, 1993 |
January 1, 1993
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finalisation of the Common Market |
January 1, 1994
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second phase of EMU takes effect (convergence criteria and EMI) |
January 1, 1995
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Austria, Sweden and Finland join the EU |
January 1, 1996
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customs-union with Turkey takes effect |
December 14, 1996
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European Council agrees on Stability and Growth Pact |
October 2, 1997
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signing of the Treaty of Amsterdam taking effect on May 1, 1999 |
January 1, 1999
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the Euro becomes the official currency in 11 Member-States |
March 23, 2000
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European Council agrees Lisbon Agenda |
January 2, 2001
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Greece joins the Euro |
February 26, 2001
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signing of the Treaty of Nice taking effect on February 17, 2003 |
December 15, 2001
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Laeken Declaration |
January 1, 2002
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Euro-coins and banknotes enter circulation |
February 28, 2002
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the Convention on the Future of Europe meets for its first session |
July 18, 2003
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the draft Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe is presented to the European Council in Thessaloniki |
May 1, 2004
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Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary join the EU |
October 29, 2004
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signing of the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe |
May 29, 2005
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French voters reject the constitutional treaty, as do Dutch voters three days later. As a result, the member-states opt for a period of reflection to reconsider their options |
January 1, 2007
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Bulgaria and Romania join the EU |
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